Artist Statement: My work explores the book itself, an antiquated technology that is still purposeful in a digital age. The codex, which literally means a block of wood in Latin, is undeviating in its essential form; its fixity is antithetical to the capabilities of the computer to function on a synergetic/simultaneous plane. Although the codex, compared to computers, is undeniably limited in its capacity to store, perpetuate, generate and recreate information, I accept these boundaries. (Im not referring to the paginated works of Artists Books; this is an entirely different category that has flourished with Photoshop and Quark; Artists Books remain an open-ended medium.) I apply quasi-software functions such as cutting, pasting and hidden text (utilized in the bookwork Amendment and Border Crossing), for example, onto an analogue system; it does not work it cannot. The codex is intractable as a technology; you read linearly from beginning to end. It is essentially inflexible. That is its built-in personality flaw; that is its elegance. I began changing the books structure in 1979 by pushing the physical properties of the book, piercing, gouging and excavating it, as if it were a thrilling, previously undiscovered site in an archeological dig. As an artist my goal is to transform how a book functions outside a linear read for an outdated technology, the codex, becomes something that is new and visually meaningful. My sculptures primarily use discarded and found materials, such as honey, matches and books, which the viewer will recognize for their utilitarian quality. On occasion I will purchase a book or fabricate materials for a specific idea, such as the steel rod and wooden leg in The Portable Library. The viewer visually engages with the re-contextualized object, which might otherwise have gone unnoticed in its customary setting, and participates in its transformation through a critique or dialogue. To visually engage with the object as a phenomenological experience, is my objective; beyond concept, above references, each piece explores the reciprocity between meaning and structure as comprehended subliminally through the senses.